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SCI论文写作及其简洁表达的技巧
时间：2021-01-29 00:00:00 编辑： 点击：366次
在论文写作中好的段落不仅要表达清楚，而且还要简明扼要。简明表达的手段主要有：强调重要信息，弱化对重要性不强的信息的强调，删除冗词和短语。
1.强调重要信息
在大量的科技论文中，重要信息埋没于非重要信息中。由于这种失衡，读者常常难以发现真正的“主菜”。因此，确定并强调重要信息对于防止分散读者的注意力是十分重要的。
强调重要信息时，既可以将其置于有影响力的位置，也可以直接表述为“most important,…” 或 “the key finding of this study was…”。削弱重要性不强的信息时，可以采取降级的方式，比如将其置于次要从句中。
例1 Information about the relation between WBCcount and hospital case fatality rates is limited. A link between WBC count andincreased long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction may exist.
修改后的例1 Although information about the relation between WBC count and hospital casefatality rates is limited, a link between WBC count and increased long-termmortality after acute myocardial infarction may exist.
例2 TheHainan aborigines are an ethnic group living at the entrance route to SoutheastAsia and have been influenced little by relocation and migrations of otherethnic groups.
修改后的例2 The Hainan aborigines, anethnic group living at the entrance route to Southeast Asia, have beeninfluenced little by relocation and migrations of other ethnic groups.
2.省略不必要的总单词和短语
严格审阅论文，解剖每个句子，找出那些无意义的词语。一般来说，当存在两种词语的选择时，选择短的那个。通常可以省略的动词：describes, noted, was done, reported,noticed, observed, occurred, seen等。
例3 Jones et al. reported that intracellular calcium is releasedwhen adipocytes are stimulated with insulin. (15个词)
修改后的例3 Intracellular calcium is released whenadipocytes are stimulated with insulin (Jones et al., 1996) (10个)
例4 Products were verified by gel electrophoresis. The resultsare presented in figure 1. (13个词)
修改后的例4 Products were verified by gel electrophoresis (fig. 1) (6个词)
短语“it…that”通常可以替换或省略。这些短语多数是无意义的填充物，可以完全删除。例如：It is interesting to note that…通常可删除；In light of the fact that…可替代为because；It is possible that…可改写为(... may…, perhaps, possibly；It has been reported that…可替代为Taylor reported that…或参考文献[？])。
肯定的表达方式比否定的表达方式更简短。尤其重要的是，避免双重否定句，以免造成误解。如：Do not overlook改为note，Not infrequently改为frequently，Not many改为few；等等。
3.省略多余的细节
能够推测出的或不重要的细节可以省略。
例5 Using a 1 ml tip, we removed 750 µl of thealiquot into a new Eppendorf tube.
修改后的例5 We removed 750µl of the aliquot
例6 Resuspendedcells were transferred to a 0.4 cmcuvette (Bio-Rad) and electroporated using a Bio-Rad Gene Pulser.
修改后的例6 Resuspended cells were electroporated using aBio-Rad Gene Pulser.
此外，不要过度使用那些用来加强名词或动词的形容词、副词或动词，如：always, basic, central, clearly,crucial, quite等等。也避免使用模糊限制语（指那些态度谨慎的形容词、副词或动词），如：actually, appear, could, essentially,indicate, possibly, seem, suggest, usually等等。
例7 Our results may indicate that siRNA dublex possibly causedan RNA interference effect.
修改后的例7 Our results suggest that siRNAdublex causes an RNA interference effect.
或 siRNA dublex may cause an RNA interferenceeffect.
例8 Figure 5 clearly shows thatthe protein was absent in the fraction.
修改后的例8 Figure 5 shows that the proteinwas absent in the fraction.
图题要精练。很多期刊喜欢电报风格的图题。通常，在图的标题和说明中，冠词可以省略，介词短语可以缩短甚至省略。
1.强调重要信息
在大量的科技论文中，重要信息埋没于非重要信息中。由于这种失衡，读者常常难以发现真正的“主菜”。因此，确定并强调重要信息对于防止分散读者的注意力是十分重要的。
强调重要信息时，既可以将其置于有影响力的位置，也可以直接表述为“most important,…” 或 “the key finding of this study was…”。削弱重要性不强的信息时，可以采取降级的方式，比如将其置于次要从句中。
例1 Information about the relation between WBCcount and hospital case fatality rates is limited. A link between WBC count andincreased long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction may exist.
修改后的例1 Although information about the relation between WBC count and hospital casefatality rates is limited, a link between WBC count and increased long-termmortality after acute myocardial infarction may exist.
例2 TheHainan aborigines are an ethnic group living at the entrance route to SoutheastAsia and have been influenced little by relocation and migrations of otherethnic groups.
修改后的例2 The Hainan aborigines, anethnic group living at the entrance route to Southeast Asia, have beeninfluenced little by relocation and migrations of other ethnic groups.
2.省略不必要的总单词和短语
严格审阅论文，解剖每个句子，找出那些无意义的词语。一般来说，当存在两种词语的选择时，选择短的那个。通常可以省略的动词：describes, noted, was done, reported,noticed, observed, occurred, seen等。
例3 Jones et al. reported that intracellular calcium is releasedwhen adipocytes are stimulated with insulin. (15个词)
修改后的例3 Intracellular calcium is released whenadipocytes are stimulated with insulin (Jones et al., 1996) (10个)
例4 Products were verified by gel electrophoresis. The resultsare presented in figure 1. (13个词)
修改后的例4 Products were verified by gel electrophoresis (fig. 1) (6个词)
短语“it…that”通常可以替换或省略。这些短语多数是无意义的填充物，可以完全删除。例如：It is interesting to note that…通常可删除；In light of the fact that…可替代为because；It is possible that…可改写为(... may…, perhaps, possibly；It has been reported that…可替代为Taylor reported that…或参考文献[？])。
肯定的表达方式比否定的表达方式更简短。尤其重要的是，避免双重否定句，以免造成误解。如：Do not overlook改为note，Not infrequently改为frequently，Not many改为few；等等。
3.省略多余的细节
能够推测出的或不重要的细节可以省略。
例5 Using a 1 ml tip, we removed 750 µl of thealiquot into a new Eppendorf tube.
修改后的例5 We removed 750µl of the aliquot
例6 Resuspendedcells were transferred to a 0.4 cmcuvette (Bio-Rad) and electroporated using a Bio-Rad Gene Pulser.
修改后的例6 Resuspended cells were electroporated using aBio-Rad Gene Pulser.
此外，不要过度使用那些用来加强名词或动词的形容词、副词或动词，如：always, basic, central, clearly,crucial, quite等等。也避免使用模糊限制语（指那些态度谨慎的形容词、副词或动词），如：actually, appear, could, essentially,indicate, possibly, seem, suggest, usually等等。
例7 Our results may indicate that siRNA dublex possibly causedan RNA interference effect.
修改后的例7 Our results suggest that siRNAdublex causes an RNA interference effect.
或 siRNA dublex may cause an RNA interferenceeffect.
例8 Figure 5 clearly shows thatthe protein was absent in the fraction.
修改后的例8 Figure 5 shows that the proteinwas absent in the fraction.
图题要精练。很多期刊喜欢电报风格的图题。通常，在图的标题和说明中，冠词可以省略，介词短语可以缩短甚至省略。
